TRIK MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL(READING 16)
10 meters high.But plants can move water much higher,the
sequoia tree can pump water to its very top,more than 100
meters above the ground.Until the end of the nineteenth
line century,the movement of water in trees and other tall plants (5) was a mystery.Some botanists hypothesized that the living
cells of plants acted as pumps.But many experiments
demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells
are killed can still move water to appreciable heights.Other
explanations for the movement of water in plants have been
based on root pressure, a push on the water from the roots at
the bottom of the plant.But root pressure is not nearly great
(10) enough to push water to the tops of tall trees.Furthermore
,the conifers,which are among the tallest trees have unusually
low root pressures.
If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree,and if it is
not pushed to the top of a tall tree,then we may ask.How does
it get there?According to the currently accepted cohesion-
tension theory,water is pulled there.The pull on a rising
(15) column of water in a plant results from the evaporation
of water at the top of the plant.As water is lost from the
surface of the leaves,a negative pressure,or tension,is created.
The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from
inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the
top of a plant to its roots.The same forces that create surface
tension in any sample of water are responsible for the
(20) maintenance of these unbroken columns of water.When water
is confined in tubes of very small pore,the forces of cohesion,
the attraction between water molecules,are so great that the
strength of a column of water compares with the strength of
a steel wire of the same diameter.This cohesive strength
permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without
being broken.
1.How many theories does the author mention?
a.One
b.Two
c.Three
d.Four
Jawab:(C)Three
Key word:Some botanists hypothesized
Pembahasan:Beberapa ahli botani berhipotesis bahwa gerakan air di pohon-pohon dan tanaman tinggi lainya karena:
*sel-sel hidup tanaman bertindak sebagai pompa
*adanya tekanan pada akar
*teori kohesi
2.The passage answers which of the following questions?
a.What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on foliage?
b.When do dead cells harm plant growth?
c.How does water get to the tops of trees?
d.Why is root pressure weak?
Jawab:(B)How does water get to the tops of trees?
Key word:the movement of water in trees and other tall plants
Pembahasan:Paragraf tersebut membahas tentang pergerakan air di pohon dan tumbuhan-tumbuhan tinggi lainnya.
3.The word”demonstrated”in line 6 is closest in meaning to
a.ignored
b.showed
c.disguised
d.distinguished
Jawab:(B)showed
Key word:menunjukkan
Pembahasan:*demonstrated=menunjukkan
*showed=menunjukkan
*ignored=mengabaikan
*disguised=menyamarkan
*distinguished=dibedakan
4.What do the experiments mentioned in line 5-6 prove?
a.plant stems die when deprived of water
b.Cells in plant stems do not pump water
c.plants cannot move water to hight altitudes
d.plant cells regulate pressure within stems
Jawab:(B)Cells in plant stems do not pump water
Key word:the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water
Pembahasan:Banyak percobaan menunjukkan bahwa meski batang tanaman yang semua selnya mati masih bisa dialiri air sampai ke ketinggian yang cukup
5.How do botanists know that root pressure is not the only force that moves water in plants?
a.Some very tall trees have weak to root pressure
b.Root pressures decrease in winter
c.plants can live after their roots die
d.Water in a plant’s roots is not connected to water in its stem.
Jawab:(A)Some very tall trees have weak root pressure
Key word:the conifers have unusually low root pressures
Pembahasan:konifer,salah satu pohon tertinggi,memiliki tekanan akar yang luar biasa rendah
6.Which of the following statements does the passage support?
a.Water is pushed to the tops of trees
b.Botanists have proven that living cells act as pumps
c.Atmospheric pressure draws water to the tops of tall trees
d.Botanists have changed their theories of how water moves in
plants.
Jawab:(D)Bothanists have changed their theories of how water moves in plants
Key word:According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory,water is pulled there
Pembahasan:Ahli botani telah mengubah teory mereka tentang bagaimana air bergerak pada tanaman yaitu berdasarkan teori tegangan kohesi
7.The word”it” in line 12 refers to
a.top
b.tree
c.water
d.cohesion-tension theory
Jawab:(C)water
Key word:(C)if water is not pumped
Pembahasan:Jika air tidak dipompa ke puncak pohon yang tinggi,dan juga tidak didorong,maka pertanyaan yang muncul adalah bagaimana air bisa mencapai puncak pohon yang tinggi
8.The word”there”in line 13 refers to
a.treetops
b.roots
c.water columns
d.tubes
Jawab:(C) water columns
Key word:The pull on a rising column of water
Pembahasan:Air ditarik pada kolom air dalam tanaman hasil dari penguapan di bagian atas tanaman
9.What causes the tension that draws water up a plant?
a.Humidity
b.plant growth
c.Root pressure
d.Evaporation
Jawab:(D)Evaporation
Key word:The evaporated water
Pembahasan:ketika air hilang dari permukaan daun karena evaporasi, terjadi beda tekanan.Air menguap digantikan oleh air yang bergerak dari dalam kolom yang membentang dari bagian atas tanaman ke akar-akarnya
10.The word”extend”in line 18 is closest in meaning to
a.stretch
b.branch
c.increase
d.rotate
Jawab:stretch
key word:mengulur
pembahasan:extend=mengulur,memperpanjang
stretch=mengulur
branch=cabang
increase=meningkat
rotate=memutar
11.According to the passage,why does water travel through plants in unbroken columns?
a.Root pressure moves the water very rapidly
b.The attraction between water molecules in strong
c.The living cells of plants push the water molecules together
d.Atmostheric pressure supports the columns
Jawab:(B)The attraction between water molecules are so great
Key word: the attraction between water molecules are so great
pembahasan:ketika air dalam tabung berpori kecil,kekuatan kohesi,daya tarik antara molekul air,begitu besar
12.Why does the author mention steel wire in line 22?
a.To illustrate another means of pulling water
b.To demonstrate why wood is a good building material
c.To indicate the size of a column of water
d.To emphasize the strength of cohesive
Jawab:(D)To emphasize the strength of cohesive forces in water
Key word:The strength of a column of water compares with the strength of a steel wire
Pembahasan:kekuatan kohesi,daya tarik antara molekul air,begitu besar sehingga kekuatan kolom air dapat dibandingkan dengan kekuatan kawat baja dengan diameter yang sama.
13.Where in the passage does the author give an example of a plant with low root pressure?
a.Lines 3-4
b.Lines 4-6
c.Lines 10
d.Lines 10-11
Jawab:(C)Lines 10
Key word:The conifers have unusually low root pressures
Pembahasan:konifer,salah satu pohon tertinggi ,memiliki tekanan akar yang luar biasa rendah.
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Reference
Tim Master Eduka