By the turn of the century,the middle-class home in
            North American had been transformed.”The flow of 
            industry has passed and left idle the loom in the attic,the  
line      soap kettle in the shad,”Ellen Richards wrote in 1908.
(5)       The urban middle class was now able to buy a wide array
             of food products and cloting- baked goods
            canned goods,suits,shirts,shoes,and
            dresses.Not only had houshold production waned,but 
            technological improvements were rapidly changing the rest
            of domestic work.Middle-class homes had indoor running
(10)      water and furnaces,run on oil,coal,or gas,that produced hot
             water.Stoves were fueled by gas,and delivery services 
             provided ice for refrigerators.Electric power was available 
             for lamps,sewing machines,irons,and even vacuum 
             cleaners.No domestic task was unaffected.Commercial 
(15)      laundries,for instance,had been doing the wash for urban 
             families for decades;by the early 1900’s the first electric 
             washing machines were on the market.
                      One impact of the new household technology was to
(20)      raw sharp dividing lines between woman of different 
             classes and regions.Technological advences always effected
             the homes of the wealthy first,filtering downword into the 
             urban middle class.But woman who lived on farms were 
             not yet affected by houshold improvements.Throughout the
(25)      nineteenth century and well into the twentieth,rural homes
             lacked running water and electric power.Farm women had 
             to haul large quantities of water into the house from wells
             or pumps for every purpose.Doing the family laundry,in
             large vats heated over stoves,continued to be a full day’s
(30)      work,just as canning and preserving continued to be 
             seasonal necessities.Heat was provided by wood or coal
             stoves.In addition,rural women continued to produce most
             of their families’ clothing.The urban poor,similarly,reaped 
             few benefits from household improvements.Urban slums 
(35)      such as chicago’s nineteenth ward often had no sewers,
             garbage collection,or gas or electric lines;and tenements
             lacked both running water and central heating.At the turn 
             of the century,variations in the nature of women’s domestic
             work were probably more marked than at any time before.

1.What is the main topic of the passage?
    a.The creation of the urban middle class
    b.Domestic work at the turn of the century
    c.The spread of electrical power in the United States
    d.Overcrowding in American cities
Jawab:(B)Domestic work at the turn of the century
Key word:No domestic task was unaffected
Pembahasan:saat pergantian abad,terjadi perubahan pada alat-alat yang digunakan untuk pekerjaan rumah tangga
2.According to the passage,what kind of fuel was used in a stove
in a typical middle-class household?
    a.oil
    b.coat
    c.gas
    d.wood
Jawab:(C)gas
Key word:stoves were fueled by gas
Pembahasan:kompor yang digunakan berbahan bakar gas
3.Which of the following is not mentioned as a houssehold convenience in the passage?
     a.the electric fan
     b.the refrigerator
     c.the electric light
     d.the washing machine
Jawab:(A)the electric fan
Key word:refrigerators,electric washing machines,Electric power was available for lamps
Pembahasan:dari pilihan di atas,hanya kipas angin yang tidak disebutkan dalam bacaan
4.According to the passage,who were the first beneficiaries of technological advances?
    a.Farm women
    b.The urban poor
    c.The urban middle class
    d.The wealty
Jawab:(D)the wealthy
Key word:Technological advances always affected the homes of the wealthy first
Pembahasan:pada paragraf kedua disebutkan bahwa orang-orang yan diuntungkan pertama kali dari kemajuan teknologi ini adalah mereka yang kaya
5.The word”reaped”in line 34 is closest in meaning to 
   a.gained
   b.Affected
   c.wanted
   d.accepted
Jawab:(A)gained
Key word:mendapat
Pembahasan:reaped=mendapat=gained
Affected=mempengaruhi
Wanted=menginginkan
Accepted=menerima
6.Which of the following best characterizes the passage’s organization?
   a.analysis of a quotation
   b.chronological narrative
   c.extended definition
   d.comparison and contrast
Jawab:(D)Comparison and contrast
Key word:Women of different classes and regions
Pembahasan:bacaan di atas membandingkan kehidupan yang ,kaum  didapat oleh karena kemajuan teknologi di kaum menengah
kaum kaya lalu di kontraskan dengan kalimat terakhir paragraf yang membahas kaum miskin.
7.Where in the passage does the author discuss conditions in poor urban neighborhoods?
    a.lines 3-5
    b.lines 6-7
    c.lines 8-9
    d.lines 34-35
Jawab:(D)lines
Key word:the urban poor,similarly
pembahasan:lingkungan perkotaan miskin disebutkan di awal kalimat 34-35


Reference
Tim Master Eduka-Bank soal dan strategi TOEFL